diff --git a/src/interaction/objects.rs b/src/interaction/objects.rs
index bcf6650..fefcdd1 100644
--- a/src/interaction/objects.rs
+++ b/src/interaction/objects.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use bevy::{gltf::GltfMesh, math::Vec3A, prelude::*, render::mesh::MeshAabb};
+use bevy::{prelude::*};
 use bevy_rapier3d::prelude::{Collider, RigidBody};
 
 use crate::{GameState, asset_loading::GltfAssets};
diff --git a/src/player.rs b/src/player.rs
index d18eb48..8d27b89 100644
--- a/src/player.rs
+++ b/src/player.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
+
 use bevy::{
-    input::mouse::AccumulatedMouseMotion, prelude::*, render::view::RenderLayers, transform, window::{self, PrimaryWindow}
+    input::mouse::AccumulatedMouseMotion, prelude::*, render::view::RenderLayers, window::{PrimaryWindow, WindowResized}
 };
 use bevy_rapier3d::prelude::*;
 
 pub mod toolbar;
 
-use crate::{asset_loading::{FlashlightAssets}, GameState};
+use crate::{asset_loading::FlashlightAssets, GameState};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Component)]
-pub struct Player;
+#[derive(Debug, Component, Default)]
+pub struct Player {
+    pub speed_factor: f32,
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Component, Deref, DerefMut)]
 pub struct CameraSensitivity(Vec2);
@@ -19,19 +22,41 @@ impl Default for CameraSensitivity {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Component)]
-struct WorldModelCamera;
+pub struct WorldModelCamera;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Component, Default)]
 pub struct PlayerInput {
     movement_direction: Vec3,
 }
 
+#[derive(Component, Debug)]
+pub struct HeadBob {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub intensity: f32,
+    pub speed: f32,
+    pub time_offset: f32,
+}
+
+impl Default for HeadBob {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: true,
+            intensity: 0.05,
+            speed: 10.0,
+            time_offset: 0.0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Component, Debug)]
+pub struct BaseTransform(pub Transform);
+
 pub fn plugin(app: &mut App) {
     app.add_plugins(toolbar::plugin)
         .add_systems(OnEnter(GameState::Playing), (init_player, hide_cursor))
         .add_systems(
             Update,
-            (move_camera, handle_input).run_if(in_state(GameState::Playing)),
+            (move_camera, handle_input, apply_head_bob, on_resize_system).run_if(in_state(GameState::Playing)),
         )
         .add_systems(
             FixedUpdate,
@@ -39,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn plugin(app: &mut App) {
         );
 }
 
-/// used by the view model camera and the player's arm.
+// used by the view model camera and the player's arm.
 const STATIC_LAYER: usize = 1;
 
 pub fn init_player(
@@ -47,15 +72,14 @@ pub fn init_player(
     flashlights: Res<FlashlightAssets>,
     window: Query<&Window>,
 ) {
-    let window = window.single();
-
     commands
         .spawn((
-            Player,
+            Player::default(),
             PlayerAction::default(),
             CameraSensitivity::default(),
             PlayerInput::default(),
             toolbar::Item::none(),
+            HeadBob::default(),
             // rapier
             RigidBody::Dynamic,
             Collider::capsule(Vec3::new(0.0, -0.5, 0.0), Vec3::new(0.0, 0.5, 0.0), 0.5),
@@ -88,24 +112,45 @@ pub fn init_player(
                 RenderLayers::layer(STATIC_LAYER),
             ));
             
-            let window_size = Vec2::new(window.resolution.width(), window.resolution.height());
-            let sprite_size = Vec2::new(101.0, 101.0); 
-            let scale = window.resolution.width() / 600.0;
-            let world_size = sprite_size * scale;
-            let offset = window_size.x / 4.0 - 40.0;
-            
-            let mut transform = Transform::from_translation(
-                Vec3::new(window_size.x / 2.0 - world_size.x / 2.0 - offset, -window_size.y / 2.0 + world_size.y / 2.0, 0.0)
-            );
-            transform.scale = Vec3::new(scale, scale, 1.0);
+            let window = window.single();
+            let transform = flashlight_base_transform(window.width(), window.height());
             parent.spawn((
                 Sprite::from_image(flashlights.flash_hold_4.clone()),
+                transform.0.clone(),
                 transform,
                 RenderLayers::layer(STATIC_LAYER),
             ));
         });
 }
 
+fn on_resize_system(
+    mut resize_reader: EventReader<WindowResized>,
+    mut sprites: Query<(&mut Transform, &mut BaseTransform), With<Sprite>>,
+) {
+    for e in resize_reader.read() {
+        for (mut transform, mut base_transform) in sprites.iter_mut() {
+            let new_pos = flashlight_base_transform(e.width, e.height);
+            *transform = new_pos.0.clone();
+            *base_transform = new_pos;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn flashlight_base_transform(width: f32, height: f32) -> BaseTransform {
+    let window_size = Vec2::new(width, height);
+    let sprite_size = Vec2::new(101.0, 101.0); 
+    let scale = width / 600.0;
+    let world_size = sprite_size * scale;
+    let xoffset = window_size.x / 4.0 - 40.0;
+    let yoffset = 15.0;
+    
+    let mut transform = Transform::from_translation(
+        Vec3::new(window_size.x / 2.0 - world_size.x / 2.0 - xoffset, -window_size.y / 2.0 + world_size.y / 2.0 - yoffset, 0.0)
+    );
+    transform.scale = Vec3::new(scale, scale, 1.0);
+    return BaseTransform(transform);
+}
+
 fn hide_cursor(mut windows: Query<&mut Window, With<PrimaryWindow>>) {
     for mut window in windows.iter_mut() {
         window.cursor_options.visible = false;
@@ -145,9 +190,9 @@ pub(crate) enum PlayerAction {
 
 pub fn handle_input(
     keyboard_input: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
-    mut query: Query<(&Transform, &mut PlayerInput, &mut PlayerAction), With<Player>>,
+    mut query: Query<(&Transform, &mut PlayerInput, &mut PlayerAction, &mut Player), With<Player>>,
 ) {
-    for (transform, mut input, mut action) in query.iter_mut() {
+    for (transform, mut input, mut action, mut player) in query.iter_mut() {
         let forward = transform.forward();
         let right = transform.right();
         let mut movement_direction = Vec3::ZERO;
@@ -168,7 +213,11 @@ pub fn handle_input(
             movement_direction += Vec3::Y;
         }
         if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ShiftLeft) {
-            movement_direction -= Vec3::Y;
+            player.speed_factor = 1.35;
+        } else if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::ControlLeft) {
+            player.speed_factor = 0.65;
+        } else {
+            player.speed_factor = 1.0; 
         }
         if keyboard_input.pressed(KeyCode::KeyE) {
             *action = PlayerAction::Interact
@@ -178,15 +227,16 @@ pub fn handle_input(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn apply_player_movement(mut player_query: Query<(&PlayerInput, &mut Velocity), With<Player>>) {
-    const SPEED: f32 = 3.0;
+pub fn apply_player_movement(mut player_query: Query<(&PlayerInput, &mut Velocity, &Player), With<Player>>) {
+    const SPEED: f32 = 2.6;
     const JUMP_FORCE: f32 = 4.0;
 
-    for (input, mut velocity) in player_query.iter_mut() {
+    for (input, mut velocity, player) in player_query.iter_mut() {
+        let speed = SPEED * player.speed_factor;
         let horizontal_movement = Vec3::new(
-            input.movement_direction.x * SPEED,
+            input.movement_direction.x * speed,
             0.0,
-            input.movement_direction.z * SPEED,
+            input.movement_direction.z * speed,
         );
 
         velocity.linvel.x = horizontal_movement.x;
@@ -194,8 +244,75 @@ pub fn apply_player_movement(mut player_query: Query<(&PlayerInput, &mut Velocit
 
         if input.movement_direction.y > 0.0 {
             velocity.linvel.y = JUMP_FORCE;
-        } else if input.movement_direction.y < 0.0 {
-            velocity.linvel.y = -SPEED;
-        }
+        } 
     }
 }
+
+pub fn apply_head_bob(
+    time: Res<Time>,
+    mut query: Query<(&PlayerInput, &mut HeadBob, &Player), With<Player>>,
+    mut camera_query: Query<&mut Transform, (With<WorldModelCamera>, Without<Player>)>,
+    mut sprite_query: Query<(&mut Transform, &Sprite, &BaseTransform), (With<Sprite>, Without<WorldModelCamera>, Without<Player>)>,
+) {
+    let Ok((input, mut head_bob, player)) = query.get_single_mut() else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    // bob when moving horizontally
+    let horizontal_movement = Vec3::new(input.movement_direction.x, 0.0, input.movement_direction.z);
+    let is_moving = horizontal_movement.length_squared() > 0.01;
+    let bobbing_speed = head_bob.speed * player.speed_factor;
+
+    let mut offset = bobbing_speed * time.delta_secs();
+    if !is_moving {
+        // decrease bobbing frequency when stationary
+        offset *= 0.2;
+
+        // bob returns to neutral position when stopped
+        if let Some(camera_transform) = camera_query.iter_mut().next() {
+            let current_offset = camera_transform.translation.y;
+            if current_offset.abs() < 0.005 {
+                // cancel out so head_bob.time_offset 
+                offset = -head_bob.time_offset;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    head_bob.time_offset += offset;
+
+    if head_bob.enabled {
+        // calculate vertical and horizontal offsets using sine and cosine
+        let vertical_offset = head_bob.intensity * f32::sin(head_bob.time_offset);
+        let horizontal_offset = (head_bob.intensity * 0.5) * f32::cos(head_bob.time_offset * 0.5);
+        
+        // apply
+        for mut transform in camera_query.iter_mut() {
+            transform.translation.y = vertical_offset;
+            if is_moving {
+                transform.translation.x = horizontal_offset;
+            } else {
+                // decrease bobbing magnitued
+                transform.translation.x *= 0.8;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // apply offsets to flashlight
+        for (mut transform, _sprite, base_transform) in sprite_query.iter_mut() {
+            let scale_factor = 40.0 * player.speed_factor;
+        
+            if is_moving {
+                transform.translation.x = base_transform.0.translation.x + horizontal_offset * scale_factor;
+                transform.translation.y = base_transform.0.translation.y + vertical_offset * scale_factor;
+        
+                transform.rotation = Quat::from_euler(
+                    EulerRot::XYZ,
+                    0.0,
+                    0.0,
+                    horizontal_offset * 0.1,
+                );
+            } else {
+                transform.translation = transform.translation.lerp(base_transform.0.translation, 0.1);
+                transform.rotation = transform.rotation.slerp(Quat::IDENTITY, 0.1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file